Poland

  • A Polish Air Force MiG 29 Fulcrum fighter aircraft takes off from Malbork military airfield in Malbork, Poland, March 20, 2023, photo by IMAGO/BjÃ⁋rn Trotzki via Reuters Connect

    Commentary

    What Difference Will Polish and Slovakian Fighter Jets Make to Ukraine?

    The news that Poland and Slovakia are to deliver MiG-29 fighter jets to Ukraine signals a departure from the longstanding stance of the international community, which had hitherto resisted Kyiv's calls for more combat aircraft. While this donation will be welcomed in Ukraine, it could raise political and practical issues the West must address to maximize the benefits and mitigate the risks.

    Mar 23, 2023

  • Flags fly outside NATO headquarters in Brussels, Belgium, November 16, 2022, photo by Yves Herman/Reuters

    Commentary

    Consequences of the War in Ukraine: NATO's Future

    Security issues have again become paramount among NATO members, making the alliance far more relevant. But NATO's southeastern flank is soft and the war in Ukraine has exposed its fault lines.

    Mar 2, 2023

  • Refugees cross the border from Ukraine to Poland after fleeing the Russian invasion of Ukraine, at the border checkpoint in Medyka, Poland, March 18, 2022, photo by Fabrizio Bensch/Reuters

    Commentary

    For Ukrainian Refugees in Poland, Livelihood Needs Will Follow Humanitarian Ones

    Host countries such as Poland that accept refugees are to be lauded for their humanitarian response. To increase the likelihood that these countries find effective policy solutions, they should view the influx of refugees not merely as a challenge, but as a significant opportunity to be seized for aiding their post-COVID recovery.

    Mar 18, 2022

  • Russian paratroopers line up to board a transport plane during Zapad-2021 military exercises at an aerodrome in Kaliningrad Region, Russia, September 13, 2021, photo by Vitaly Nevar/Reuters

    Commentary

    Moscow Hesitated in Poland—Will It in Belarus?

    Forty years ago, Russia used a major military exercise in part to scare Poland's communist leaders into cracking down on protesters. A similar Russian exercise now could be aimed in part at pressuring Belarus. If so, the West could respond in several ways.

    Sep 13, 2021

  • Journal Article

    Journal Article

    Annex H: Poland: Annex to Report: Vision on Defence-Related Skills for Europe Today and Tomorrow

    Annex to study examining the skills requirements of the European defence sector, defence-related skills gaps and shortages, the challenges with different sets of skills, and the general features of the European defence industrial skills supply.

    Oct 30, 2019

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    Report

    Emerging Opportunities for Engagement on NATO's Northeastern Flank

    Will renewed tension between NATO and Russia prevent key U.S. allies and partners in Europe from being able to contribute to U.S. regional defense objectives? What can the U.S. do to strengthen its European partnerships?

    Jun 20, 2017

  • An A-10C Thunderbolt II flies near a KC-135 Stratotanker after departing from Amari Air Base, Estonia, during an exercise with the Estonian Air Force and Maryland Air National Guard, June 3, 2013

    Report

    Opportunities for Enhanced Partnering on NATO's Northeastern Flank

    U.S. defense engagement priorities in Europe are shifting in the face of Russian aggression. By engaging strategically on NATO's northeastern flank, the United States can strengthen deterrence while minimizing inadvertent escalation.

    Jul 7, 2016

  • Journal Article

    Journal Article

    Intake of Water and Different Beverages in Adults Across 13 Countries

    Describes the intake of water and all other fluids and to evaluate the proportion of adults exceeding the World Health Organisation (WHO) recommendations on energy intake from free sugar, solely from fluids.

    Jul 10, 2015

  • Journal Article

    Journal Article

    Total Fluid Intake of Children and Adolescents: Cross-Sectional Surveys in 13 Countries Worldwide

    A high proportion of children and adolescents are at risk of an inadequate fluid intake. This risk is especially high in males and adolescents when compared with females or children categories.

    Jul 10, 2015

  • Journal Article

    Journal Article

    A Case of Partial Convergence: The Europeanization of Central Government in Central and Eastern Europe

    This article compares the Europeanization of central government in four Central and Eastern European countries (CEECs): Estonia, Latvia, Poland, and Slovakia.

    Dec 5, 2014

  • Journal Article

    Journal Article

    Measuring Consumer Preferences for Postal Services

    Increasing digitalization and the evolution of the Internet have had, and are still having, an impact on the demand for postal services.

    Jan 1, 2013

  • Report

    Report

    NATO Faces Growing Fiscal Austerity and Declining Defense Budgets

    Seven NATO countries are reducing the size of their armies, navies, and air forces. The capacity of these major European powers to project military power will be highly constrained.

    Oct 22, 2012

  • Research Brief

    Research Brief

    Can NATO Meet Defense Challenges in an Era of Austerity?

    This study analyzes the impact of planned defense budget cuts on the capabilities of seven key European members of NATO and suggests ways in which the Alliance can adapt to meet emerging security challenges.

    Oct 22, 2012

  • British post mailbox

    Report

    Measuring Consumer Preferences for Postal Services in Europe

    Different market segments have varying postal service needs, according to RAND Europe research conducted for the European Commission. All consumers value parcel services, reliability, and low levels of loss, but big businesses value letter services more than small or medium businesses or the public.

    Jan 16, 2012

  • News Release

    News Release

    Low Fertility in Europe — Is There Still Reason to Worry?

    The post-war trend of falling birth rates has been reversed across Europe. However, despite an increasing emphasis on family and fertility policies in Europe, this recent development involves social, cultural, and economic factors more than individual policy interventions.

    Jun 16, 2011

  • Research Brief

    Research Brief

    Europe's demography: Are babies back? The recent recovery in EU period fertility due to older childbearing

    An update to the RAND Europe 2004 study into the causes and consequences of low fertility in Europe analysing the latest data, reviewing recent literature, and examining the situation in Germany, Poland, Spain, Sweden and the UK in depth.

    Jun 16, 2011

  • family parking space in Europe

    Report

    Low Fertility in Europe — Is There Still Reason to Worry?

    The post-war trend of falling birth rates has been reversed across Europe. However, despite an increasing emphasis on family and fertility policies in Europe, this recent development involves social, cultural, and economic factors more than individual policy interventions.

    Jun 16, 2011

  • Commentary

    Commentary

    Biden's Task in Eastern Europe: Reassurance

    Vice President Joseph Biden's trip to eastern Europe this week provides an important opportunity to reassure Poland, the Czech Republic, and Romania that the U.S. is committed to their security. This reassurance is needed, especially in the wake of the decision to cancel the deployment of missile defense installations in the region, write F. Stephen Larrabee and Christopher S. Chivvis.

    Oct 20, 2009

  • Commentary

    Commentary

    The Right Move in Europe: Improved Opportunities with NATO, Russia

    Obama's decision to alter course on missile defense was the right choice. Those who call it a capitulation to Russia are wrong, and it plays into Russia's hands to portray the decision in that manner. But the change of course will have to be complemented with more appropriate initiatives, writes Christopher S. Chivvis.

    Sep 22, 2009

  • Commentary

    Commentary

    Real Threats, Real Fears, Real Defenses

    Critics of the Bush administration missile defense plans for Central Europe have charged that the U.S. would be deploying defenses that did not work against a threat that did not exist. It would also defend countries not threatened by Iran, while leaving Iran's more likely victims entirely uncovered, writes James Dobbins.

    Sep 21, 2009